Knee Replacement Surgery in Dombivli The human knee is considered one of the most complex structures in the body. The knee consists of the lower end of the femur (thigh bone), the upper end of the tibia (shin bone), and the patella (kneecap). Several ligaments, tendons, and muscles attach to the bones of the knee joint to enable multi-directional mobility and provide stability. In addition, menisci are cartilaginous tissues present between the two articular ends of the joint. These work like a cushion between the articular surfaces, absorbing shock as they move. The knee joint is responsible for almost every movement, such as walking, running, swimming, etc.